Text smaller than 18pt (or 14pt bold) meets a contrast ratio of 4.5:1 against its background.
Insufficient contrast ratio for p:
This 17pt paragraph has an insufficient contrast ratio (2.58:1) against its background:
Lorem ipsum
Note: Possible to automatically test. This violation can be detected by querying all text elements (e.g., paragraphs, italics), programmatically retrieving their color attributes (e.g., from the CSS stylesheet), along with the background-color attributes of their background elements, and verifying that an appropriate contrast ratio exists between them.